Bishul 39 – Chazarah 1 – Introduction (Klal 20 Siman 11) S0536

March 11, 2025
Hilchos Shabbos

D'var Halacha

Bishul 39 - Chazarah 1 - Introduction (Klal 20 Siman 11) S0536

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We are continuing in siman 11. The Chayei Adam will now move into discussing chazarah. Chazarah applies to situations in which a person has a pot of food on the fire from before Shabbos, keeps it there going into Shabbos, and then wishes to remove it and return it immediately afterwards. For example, a person leaves a cholent on the fire from before Shabbos, and wishes to eat some on Friday night and return it to the fire. It is only muttar to remove and return the pot from the fire if the food is fully cooked, because otherwise, there will be a concern for bishul when it is returned. Even when the cholent is fully cooked, Chazal limit what a person is allowed to do when removing and returning the food:

The food must be fully cooked, as we just discussed;
The food has not cooled below a temperature which would trigger a concern of bishul achar bishul;
The fire is covered in some way (garuf v’katum). In the times of Chazal, they would cover the coals with sand, or ash and nowadays we use a blech.
The food should not be put down, but should be held the entire time it is off the fire. This makes it clear that one intends to return it.
The original intent when it was removed from the fire was to return it.

There are certain scenarios where the last two criteria can be ignored, but the first three must always be met. Chazarah is only a consideration when the food was on the fire from before Shabbos, going into Shabbos. If it is being placed on the fire for the first time on Shabbos, it is assur. This is known as nesinah lechatchillah. With the concept of nesinah lechatchillah in mind, the Chayei Adam discusses how it is relevant to have an issue of bishul achar bishul regarding edible fruits (as he discussed at the beginning of the siman, see shiur s535). Even before discussing the issues of bishul, it should be assur to place the food on the fire on Shabbos in this first place, due to the issue of nesinah lechatchillah. Thus, the Chayei Adam moves to this tangent about chazarah in order to discuss this case of fruit. The Chayei Adam will discuss three possibilities as to how it is possible to perform nesinah lechatchillah. The first possibility is placing the fruit keneged hamadurah or samuch lamadurah, far from the fire. Chazal were concerned that if the food is placed near the fire, one will come to stir the coals. If it is placed further from the fire, it serves as a reminder to avoid stirring the coals, and it is muttar. Another possibility is placing the food on top of something else which is already on the fire. For example, placing the food on top of an urn which is on the fire. We will continue with the third example in the upcoming shiur, be’ezras Hashem. Summary Chazarah refers to a food that was on the fire before Shabbos, going into Shabbos, and which a person wishes to remove and then return. Chazarah is muttar under the following criteria:

The food is fully cooked,
The food has not cooled,
The fire is covered,
The food is held the entire time,
The person had intent to return it from the beginning.

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Bishul 39 – Chazarah 1 – Introduction (Klal 20 Siman 11) S0536

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