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We are continuing in siman 11, discussing the concept that Chazal prohibited placing a food near a heat source which could cause bishul. Even if the person plans to remove the food before it reaches bishul, Chazal still prohibited the placement of the food, out of concern that one may forget to remove it.
The Chayei Adam continues, and writes that if one places the food at a distance from the heat source such that it will never reach yad soledes bo, it is muttar since there is no concern for bishul. This applies even if the fire was created on Shabbos itself in a muttar way–either by a non-Jew for their own benefit, or by a non-Jew for the benefit of a Jew when there was a concern of the cold (see s538)–and the fire has subsequently dimmed to cooler than yad soledes bo.
To review until this point, we have been discussing items which are raw or fully cooked but cooled to room temperature. It is considered bishul to reheat either of these types of food to yad soledes bo. If the heat source will never reach yad soledes bo, it is muttar.
Next, the Chayei Adam will discuss situations in which there is no problem of bishul, and where the item is still warm or is a davar yaveish. (To review, the concern of bishul achar bishul does not apply to a davar lach if the liquid is still warm, and the concern of bishul achar bishul does not apply to a davar yaveish even if it is cooled.) However, we still have an issue of performing chazarah; that is, even if it is muttar in terms of bishul, there are still issurei derabanan regarding chazarah.
The Chayei Adam explains that there are two ways to solve the issue of chazarah (as we learned in s536). One is to place the food on top of another pot full of food which already was on the fire. Another option is to place the food far enough away from the fire that it will never reach yad soledes bo. We will discuss the third option in the upcoming shiur, be’ezras Hashem.
Summary
Nesinah lechatchilla is assur on Shabbos, even if the fire is garuf v’katum, out of concern that one may forget the food on the fire and perform bishul.
Nevertheless, according to the Chayei Adam, there are three scenarios in which nesinah lechatchillah will be muttar, due to the hekker inherent in the placement of the food. The two we learned today are
- When the food is placed keneged hamadurah, further away from the fire, and
- When the food is placed on top of another pot which is full of food.
